發布者: 勁龍電機 時間:07-19
電動機耗能主要表現在這幾方面
1電機負載率低(di)
由于電動機選擇不當(dang),富裕量過(guo)大(da)或生產工(gong)藝變化(hua),使得電動機的實際工(gong)作負荷遠小于額(e)定負荷,大(da)約占裝機容(rong)量30%~40%的電動機在30%~50%的額(e)定負荷下運行,運行效率過(guo)低。
2電(dian)源電(dian)壓(ya)不對稱或電(dian)壓(ya)過低
由于(yu)三(san)相(xiang)四線制低(di)(di)壓供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統單相(xiang)負荷(he)的不(bu)平衡(heng),使(shi)(shi)得電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)的三(san)相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓不(bu)對稱,電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)產生負序轉矩,增大電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的三(san)相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓不(bu)對稱,電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)產生負序轉矩,增大電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)運行中的損(sun)耗(hao)。另(ling)外電(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓長期偏低(di)(di),使(shi)(shi)得正常工作的電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流偏大,因而損(sun)耗(hao)增大,三(san)相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓不(bu)對稱度越(yue)(yue)大,電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓越(yue)(yue)低(di)(di),則(ze)損(sun)耗(hao)越(yue)(yue)大。
3老、舊(淘汰)型(xing)電機(ji)的(de)仍在使用
這(zhe)些電(dian)機采用E級絕緣,體積較大,啟(qi)動性能差,效率低。雖經歷年改造,但仍有許(xu)多(duo)地方在(zai)使用。
4維(wei)修管理不(bu)善
有些單位(wei)對(dui)電機及設(she)備沒(mei)有按照要(yao)求進行(xing)(xing)維修保養(yang),任其長(chang)期運行(xing)(xing),使得損(sun)耗不斷增大。
因此,針對這些(xie)耗能(neng)表現,選擇何種節能(neng)方案(an)值得研究。
電機(ji)節能方(fang)案大致(zhi)有六種
01
高(gao)效電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)與(yu)普通電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)相(xiang)比,優化了(le)(le)總體設計,選用了(le)(le)高(gao)質量的銅繞(rao)組(zu)和硅(gui)鋼片,降(jiang)低了(le)(le)各種損(sun)耗,損(sun)耗下(xia)降(jiang)了(le)(le)20%~30%,效率提高(gao)2%~7%;投(tou)資(zi)回收期一般(ban)為1~2年,有(you)的幾個月。相(xiang)比來(lai)說,高(gao)效電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)比J02系列(lie)電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)效率提高(gao)了(le)(le)0.413%。因此用高(gao)效電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)取代舊式(shi)電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)勢在必行(xing)。
2
國家對(dui)三相(xiang)異(yi)步電動機(ji)(ji)(ji)3個(ge)運(yun)行區(qu)域作了如下(xia)規定(ding):負(fu)(fu)載(zai)率在70%~100%之間為經濟運(yun)行區(qu);負(fu)(fu)載(zai)率在40%~70%之間為一(yi)般運(yun)行區(qu);負(fu)(fu)載(zai)率在40%以下(xia)為非經濟運(yun)行區(qu)。電機(ji)(ji)(ji)容量選擇不當,無疑會(hui)造成對(dui)電能的(de)浪費。因(yin)此采用合適的(de)電動機(ji)(ji)(ji),提(ti)高功(gong)率因(yin)數(shu)、負(fu)(fu)載(zai)率,可以減少功(gong)率損耗,節省電能。
3
磁性(xing)槽(cao)楔主要降(jiang)(jiang)低異(yi)步電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)載(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)鐵(tie)(tie)損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao),空(kong)載(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)附加(jia)(jia)鐵(tie)(tie)損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)是由齒槽(cao)效應在電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)內引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)諧波磁通而(er)在定子(zi)、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)鐵(tie)(tie)芯中產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。定子(zi)、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)在鐵(tie)(tie)芯內感生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)頻附加(jia)(jia)鐵(tie)(tie)損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)稱為脈振損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)。另外,定子(zi)、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)齒部時而(er)對(dui)正(zheng)、時而(er)錯開,齒面齒簇磁通發生(sheng)(sheng)變動(dong),可在齒面線層感生(sheng)(sheng)渦流,產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)表(biao)面損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)。脈振損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)和(he)表(biao)面損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)合稱高(gao)頻附加(jia)(jia)損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao),它們(men)占電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)雜散損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)70%~90%,另外的(de)(de)(de)(de)10%~30%稱為負載(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)附加(jia)(jia)損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao),是由漏磁通產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。雖然使(shi)用磁性(xing)槽(cao)楔會使(shi)啟動(dong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩下降(jiang)(jiang)10%~20%,但采(cai)用磁性(xing)槽(cao)楔的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)比采(cai)用普通槽(cao)楔的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)可降(jiang)(jiang)低60k,而(er)且很適應空(kong)載(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)或輕載(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)啟動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)改造。
4
為解決設備輕載時對電(dian)能(neng)的(de)(de)浪費現象(xiang),在(zai)不更換(huan)電(dian)動機的(de)(de)前提下,可以采(cai)用Y/△自動轉換(huan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)以達到(dao)節(jie)電(dian)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。因為三相交流(liu)電(dian)網(wang)中(zhong),負載的(de)(de)不同接法所獲取的(de)(de)電(dian)壓是不同的(de)(de),因而從(cong)電(dian)網(wang)中(zhong)吸(xi)取的(de)(de)能(neng)量也就不同。
5
提高(gao)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)因(yin)(yin)數(shu)(shu),減少(shao)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)損耗是(shi)無功(gong)(gong)(gong)補(bu)償的主要目的。功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)因(yin)(yin)數(shu)(shu)等于有功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)與視在(zai)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)之(zhi)比(bi),通常,功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)因(yin)(yin)數(shu)(shu)低,會(hui)造成(cheng)電流(liu)過大,對(dui)于一(yi)個給定(ding)(ding)的負荷,當供(gong)電電壓一(yi)定(ding)(ding)時(shi),則功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)因(yin)(yin)數(shu)(shu)越低,電流(liu)就越大。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)因(yin)(yin)數(shu)(shu)盡量的高(gao),以節約電能。
6
液(ye)(ye)體電(dian)阻調(diao)(diao)(diao)速技(ji)術是在傳統產品液(ye)(ye)體電(dian)阻起(qi)動(dong)(dong)器的基礎上發(fa)展(zhan)而成(cheng)的。仍(reng)以(yi)(yi)改變極(ji)板(ban)間(jian)距調(diao)(diao)(diao)節電(dian)阻的大(da)小達到無級調(diao)(diao)(diao)速的目的。這使它同時(shi)具有(you)良好的起(qi)動(dong)(dong)性能,它長(chang)期通電(dian),帶來了發(fa)熱(re)升溫(wen)問(wen)題(ti),由(you)于采用了獨(du)特的結構和合理的熱(re)交換系統,其(qi)(qi)工(gong)作(zuo)溫(wen)度(du)被限定在合理的溫(wen)度(du)之下。繞線電(dian)機用液(ye)(ye)體電(dian)阻調(diao)(diao)(diao)速技(ji)術,以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)工(gong)作(zuo)可靠、安裝方便、節能幅度(du)大(da)、易維護及投資低(di)等優點,得到了迅速推(tui)廣,對(dui)于一些調(diao)(diao)(diao)速精度(du)要求不高(gao),調(diao)(diao)(diao)速范圍要求不寬,并且不頻(pin)繁調(diao)(diao)(diao)速的繞線式(shi)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機,如風機、水泵等設備的大(da)中型繞線式(shi)異步電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機采用液(ye)(ye)體調(diao)(diao)(diao)速效果顯著。
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